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Compare Trinidad and Tobago (2004) - Spratly Islands (2003)

Compare Trinidad and Tobago (2004) z Spratly Islands (2003)

 Trinidad and Tobago (2004)Spratly Islands (2003)
 Trinidad and TobagoSpratly Islands
Administrative divisions 9 regional corporations, 2 city corporations, 3 borough corporations, and 1 ward

regional corporations: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco

city corporations: Port of Spain, San Fernando;

borough corporations: Arima, Point Fortin, Chaguanas

ward: Tobago		 -
Age structure 0-14 years: 21.4% (male 120,153; female 114,205)


15-64 years: 70.6% (male 403,202; female 370,498)


65 years and over: 8.1% (male 39,762; female 48,765) (2004 est.)		 -
Agriculture - products cocoa, sugarcane, rice, citrus, coffee, vegetables; poultry -
Airports 6 (2003 est.) 3 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)		 total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)		 total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 5,128 sq km


land: 5,128 sq km


water: 0 sq km		 total: less than 5 sq km


land: less than 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes 100 or so islets, coral reefs, and sea mounts scattered over an area of nearly 410,000 sq km of the central South China Sea
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Delaware NA
Background The islands came under British control in the 19th century; independence was granted in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. Tourism, mostly in Tobago, is targeted for expansion and is growing. The Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs. They are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and potentially by gas and oil deposits. They are claimed in their entirety by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam, while portions are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines. About 50 islands are occupied by China (about 450 soldiers), Malaysia (70-90), the Philippines (about 100), and Vietnam (about 1,500). Brunei is a claimant but has no outposts. (2002)
Birth rate 12.75 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Budget revenues: $2.663 billion


expenditures: $2.51 billion, including capital expenditures of $117.3 million (2003)		 -
Capital Port-of-Spain -
Climate tropical; rainy season (June to December) tropical
Coastline 362 km 926 km
Constitution 1 August 1976 -
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago


conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TTD) -
Death rate 9.02 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Debt - external $2.608 billion (2003 est.) -
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Roy L. AUSTIN


embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port-of-Spain


mailing address: P. O. Box 752, Port-of-Spain


telephone: [1] (868) 622-6372 through 6376, 622-6176


FAX: [1] (868) 628-5462		 -
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Marina Annette VALERE


chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036


telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490


FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130


consulate(s) general: Miami and New York		 -
Disputes - international Barbados will assert its claim before UNCLOS that the northern limit of Trinidad and Tobago's maritime boundary with Venezuela extends into its waters; Guyana has also expressed its intention to challenge this boundary as it may extend into its waters as well all of the Spratly Islands are claimed by China, Taiwan, and Vietnam; parts of them are claimed by Malaysia and the Philippines; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands but has not publicly claimed the island; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient $24 million (1999 est.) -
Economy - overview Trinidad and Tobago, the leading Caribbean producer of oil and gas, has earned a reputation as an excellent investment site for international businesses. Tourism is a growing sector, although not proportionately as important as in many other Caribbean islands. The economy benefits from low inflation and a growing trade surplus. Prospects for growth in 2004 are good as prices for oil, petrochemicals, and liquified natural gas are expected to remain high, and foreign direct investment continues to grow to support expanded capacity in the energy sector. The government is coping with a rise in violent crime. Economic activity is limited to commercial fishing. The proximity to nearby oil- and gas-producing sedimentary basins suggests the potential for oil and gas deposits, but the region is largely unexplored, and there are no reliable estimates of potential reserves; commercial exploitation has yet to be developed.
Electricity - consumption 4.943 billion kWh (2001) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) -
Electricity - production 5.315 billion kWh (2001) -
Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m		 lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Southwest Cay 4 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; oil pollution of beaches; deforestation; soil erosion NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements		 -
Ethnic groups East Indian (a local term - primarily immigrants from northern India) 40.3%, black 39.5%, mixed 18.4%, white 0.6%, Chinese and other 1.2% -
Exchange rates Trinidad and Tobago dollars per US dollar - 6.2929 (2003), 6.2487 (2002), 6.2332 (2001), 6.2998 (2000), 6.2989 (1999) -
Executive branch chief of state: President George Maxwell RICHARDS (since 17 March 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Patrick MANNING (since 24 December 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among the members of Parliament


elections: president elected by an electoral college, which consists of the members of the Senate and House of Representatives, for a five-year term; election last held 14 February 2003 (next to be held in 2008); the president usually appoints as prime minister the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives


election results: George Maxwell RICHARDS elected president; percent of electoral college vote - 43%		 -
Exports NA (2001) -
Exports - commodities petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, steel products, fertilizer, sugar, cocoa, coffee, citrus, flowers -
Exports - partners US 63.5%, Jamaica 5.6%, France 3.2% (2003) -
Fiscal year 1 October - 30 September -
Flag description red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side -
GDP purchasing power parity - $10.52 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2.6%


industry: 49%


services: 48.4% (2003 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $9,500 (2003 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 3.7% (2003 est.) -
Geographic coordinates 11 00 N, 61 00 W 8 38 N, 111 55 E
Geography - note Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt strategically located near several primary shipping lanes in the central South China Sea; includes numerous small islands, atolls, shoals, and coral reefs
Highways total: 8,320 km


paved: 4,252 km


unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA		 -
Illicit drugs transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis -
Imports NA (2001) -
Imports - commodities machinery, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food, live animals -
Imports - partners US 31.7%, Venezuela 13.6%, Brazil 7.3%, Germany 6.6%, UK 5.1%, Japan 4.3% (2003) -
Independence 31 August 1962 (from UK) -
Industrial production growth rate 5.7% (2003 est.) -
Industries petroleum, chemicals, tourism, food processing, cement, beverage, cotton textiles -
Infant mortality rate total: 24.64 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 26.58 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)		 -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.8% (2003 est.) -
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO -
Irrigated land 30 sq km (1998 est.) 0 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Judicature (comprised of the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeals; the chief justice is appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the leader of the opposition; other justices are appointed by the president on the advice of the Judicial and Legal Service Commission); High Court of Justice; Court of Appeals; the highest court of appeal is the Privy Council in London -
Labor force 590,000 (2003) -
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 9.5%, manufacturing, mining, and quarrying 14%, construction and utilities 12.4%, services 64.1% (1997 est.) -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 14.62%


permanent crops: 9.16%


other: 76.22% (2001)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Hindi, French, Spanish, Chinese -
Legal system based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction -
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (31 seats; 16 members appointed by the ruling party, 9 by the President, 6 by the opposition party for a maximum term of five years) and the House of Representatives (36 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: House of Representatives - last held 7 October 2002 (next to be held by October 2007)


election results: House of Representatives - percent of vote - PNM 55.5%, UNC 44.5%; seats by party - PNM 20, UNC 16


note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly with 12 members serving four-year terms		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.28 years


male: 66.86 years


female: 71.82 years (2004 est.)		 -
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98.6%


male: 99.1%


female: 98% (2003 est.)		 -
Location Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Southeast Asia
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin		 NA
Merchant marine total: 5 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 7,178 GRT/3,633 DWT


by type: cargo 1, passenger 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, short-sea/passenger 1


foreign-owned: United States 1


registered in other countries: 4 (2004 est.)		 -
Military - note - Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Military branches Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force: Ground Force, Coast Guard, and Air Wing -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $66.7 million (2003) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (2003) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 326,447 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 232,234 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 31 August (1962) -
Nationality noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)


adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian		 -
Natural hazards outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms typhoons; serious maritime hazard because of numerous reefs and shoals
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, asphalt fish, guano, undetermined oil and natural gas potential
Net migration rate -10.83 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -
Pipelines condensate 253 km; gas 1,117 km; oil 478 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago -
Political pressure groups and leaders Jamaat-al Muslimeen [Yasin BAKR] -
Population 1,096,585 (July 2004 est.) no indigenous inhabitants


note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 21% (1992 est.) -
Population growth rate -0.71% (2004 est.) -
Ports and harbors Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Fortin, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain, Scarborough, Tembladora none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 18, shortwave 0 (2004) -
Religions Roman Catholic 29.4%, Hindu 23.8%, Anglican 10.9%, Muslim 5.8%, Presbyterian 3.4%, other 26.7% -
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2004 est.)		 -
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment: excellent international service; good local service


domestic: NA


international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana		 -
Telephones - main lines in use 325,100 (2002) -
Telephones - mobile cellular 361,900 (2002) -
Television broadcast stations 4 (2004) -
Terrain mostly plains with some hills and low mountains flat
Total fertility rate 1.77 children born/woman (2004 est.) -
Unemployment rate 10.4% (2003) -
Waterways - none
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